Abstract

Stem cells (SCs) are undifferentiated progenitor cells present in multicellular organisms. They have the remarkable capacity to proliferate and differentiate into a wide range of various types of specialized cells. SC treatment has emerged as a intriguing research topic and opportunity for new therapies. The phenomenal breakthrough in SC research has provided the groundwork for cell-based therapeutics for diseases that traditional drugs cannot manage, such as ophthalmic disorders. Excellent outcomes have also been achieved in managing potential chronic medical diseases, such as diabetes and cardiomyopathy. SCs represent the frontiers of tissue regeneration due to their capacity for self-renewal and ability to develop into various types of cells. Clinical studies involving SC-based therapeutics have advanced at an exponential rate in recent years. Since their discovery, improvements in SC research have been irregular; and many issues restrict their utility. Nonetheless, breakthroughs have occurred in understanding their molecular genetics. These challenges concern not just tumor development in animal studies and transplant rejection, but also ethical and social considerations surrounding the use of embryonic cells. This comprehensive review of the history of SC research includes notable milestones that have been achieved in the growth of this crucial field of biomedicine.

Keywords: Stem Cells (SCs); Specific Diseases; Regenerative Therapy

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