Editorial
Volume 8 Issue 4 - 2021
Congenital Heart Disease and Autism Spectrum Disorders;
Trapping both the Heart and Brain
Department of Physiology, Federal Medical and Dental College, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
*Corresponding Author: Shemaila Saleem, Department of Physiology, Federal Medical and Dental College, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto
Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Received: February 21, 2021; Published: March 18, 2021
With the advent of various medical treatments and cardiothoracic intervention strategies, the survival of infants suffering from congenital heart diseases (CHD) has bolstered up over the last few decades [1]. This has led to the understanding of various other comorbid factors that accompany CHD like neurodevelopmental disorders, atypical development, behavioral difficulties, language and social‐cognitive deficits and academic underachievement [2,3]. American Heart Association has also stated that assessment and treatment of neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants with congenital cardiac defects is of prime importance. They also highlighted the increased risk for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in children with CHD and identified the need for early screening [3].
References
- Oster ME., et al. “Temporal trends in survival among infants with critical congenital heart defects”. Pediatrics 5 (2013): e1502-e1508.
- Bean Jaworski JL., et al. “Rates of autism and potential risk factors in children with congenital heart defects”. Congenital Heart Disease4 (2017): 421-429.
- Marino B., et al. “American Heart Association Congenital Heart Defects Committee, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, Council on Cardiovascular Nursing, and Stroke Council. Neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with congenital heart disease: evaluation and management: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association”. Circulation 9 (2012): 1143-1172.
- Sigmon ER., et al. “Congenital heart disease and autism: a case-control study”. Pediatrics5 (2019).
- Tsao P-C., et al. “Additive effect of congenital heart disease and early developmental disorders on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder: a nationwide population-based longitudinal study”. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry11 (2017): 1351-1359.
- Donofrio M., et al. “Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in fetuses with congenital heart disease: the brain sparing effect”. Pediatric Cardiology5 (2003): 436-443.
- Khalil A., et al. “Prevalence of prenatal brain abnormalities in fetuses with congenital heart disease: a systematic review”. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology3 (2016): 296-307.
- Sharma R., et al. “Elevated circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines and bacterial endotoxin in adults with congenital heart disease”. The American Journal of Cardiology2 (2003): 188-193.
- Wei H., et al. “IL-6 is increased in the cerebellum of autistic brain and alters neural cell adhesion, migration and synaptic formation”. Journal of Neuroinflammation1 (2011): 1-10.
- Homsy J., et al. “De novo mutations in congenital heart disease with neurodevelopmental and other congenital anomalies”. Science6265 (2015): 1262-1266.
Citation: Shemaila Saleem. “Congenital Heart Disease and Autism Spectrum Disorders; Trapping both the Heart and Brain”. EC Gynaecology 8.4 (2021): 03-04.
Copyright: © 2021 Shemaila Saleem. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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