Abstract
The aim of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to identify the effectiveness of hypnosis therapy in the treatment of patients suffering from temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). From a pool of 3,000 TMD patients seen from January 2012 to January 2016, 34 TMD patients (29 females and 5 males) that fit the inclusion criteria were ultimately included in this study. Eligible patients were required to possess a designated TMD diagnosis, to be at least 16 years of age and to attend all three follow-up appointments after receiving hypnosis therapy from a trained medical practitioner. For all of the subjects, four data points were collected and mathematically evaluated for significance: subjective pain at initial visit, subjective pain at final visit, quantitative pain at initial exam, quantitative pain at final follow-up exam. The collected data was statistically analyzed via paired t-tests to determine if the overall pain reduction, seen in this group of 34 subjects treated with hypnosis therapy, was significant based on age, sex, and initial pain scores. Following statistical analysis, the data suggests that hypnosis therapy significantly reduces the quantitative pain score of TMD patients who are male, who are between the ages of 20 and 40 and who initially present with moderate to severe quantitative pain scores. These findings confirm that, in some situations, hypnosis is an effective treatment modality for TMD patients. However, more research is required on this topic to formulate more accurate, valid and robust conclusions.
Keywords: Orofacial Pain; Dental Methods; Pain Threshold/Physiology; Range of Motion; Articular/Physiology; Relaxation Therapy
References
- National institutes of health technology assessment conference statement: Management of temporomandibular disorders, April 29-May 1 1996. 1997”. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, and Oral Radiology1 (1997): 177-183.
- Simon EP and Lewis DM. “Medical hypnosis for temporomandibular disorders: Treatment efficacy and medical utilization outcome”. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, and Oral Radiology1 (2000): 54-63.
- Abrahamsen R., et al. “Effect of hypnosis on oral function and psychological factors in temporomandibular disorders patients”. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation8 (2009): 556-570.
- Carlsson GE. “Epidemiology and treatment need for temporomandibular disorders”. The Journal of Oral and Facial Pain4 (1999): 232-237.
- Rollman GB and Gillespie JM. “The role of psychosocial factors in temporomandibular disorders”. Current Review of Pain1 (2000): 71-81.
- Huang G., et al. “Risk Factors for Diagnostic Subgroups of Painful Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD)”. Journal of Dental Research4 (2002): 284-288.
- Gesch D., et al. “Association of malocclusion and functional occlusion with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in adults: a systematic review of population-based studies”. Quintessence International 35 (2004): 211-221.
- Svensson P., et al. “Relationships between craniofacial pain and bruxism”. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation7 (2008): 524-547.
- Winocur E., et al. “Hypnorelaxation as treatment for myofascial pain disorder: A comparative study”. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, and Oral Radiology4 (2002): 429-434.
- Ferrando M., et al. “Enhancing the efficacy of treatment for temporomandibular patients with muscular diagnosis through cognitive-behavioral intervention, including hypnosis: a randomized study”. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, and Oral Radiology 113.1 (2012): 81-89.
- Zhang Y., et al. “Hypnosis/Relaxation Therapy for Temporomandibular Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials”. The Journal of Oral and Facial Pain and Headache2 (2015): 115-125.
- Orlando B., et al. “Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Biobehavioral Therapy in the Treatment of Temporomandibular Disorders: A Literature Review”. Journal of Behavioral Medicine3 (2007): 101-118.
- Angelone P. “The use of hypnotic suggestion to reduce pain associated with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) [dissertation]. [New York (NY)]: New York University (2008).
- Dillworth T and Jensen MP. “The Role of Suggestions in Hypnosis for Chronic Pain: A Review of the Literature”. The Open Pain Journal1 (2010): 39-51.
- Nash MR and Tasso A. “The Effectiveness of Hypnosis in Reducing Pain and Suffering Among Women With Metastatic Breast Cancer and Among Women With Temporomandibular Disorder”. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis4 (2010): 497-504.
Journal Menu
PubMed Indexed Article
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
LC-UV-MS and MS/MS Characterize Glutathione Reactivity with Different Isomers (2,2' and 2,4' vs. 4,4') of Methylene Diphenyl-Diisocyanate.
PMID: 31143884 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6536005
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Alzheimer's Pathogenesis, Metal-Mediated Redox Stress, and Potential Nanotheranostics.
PMID: 31565701 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6764777
EC Neurology
Differences in Rate of Cognitive Decline and Caregiver Burden between Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia: a Retrospective Study.
PMID: 27747317 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5065347
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Will Blockchain Technology Transform Healthcare and Biomedical Sciences?
PMID: 31460519 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6711478
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Is it a Prime Time for AI-powered Virtual Drug Screening?
PMID: 30215059 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6133253
EC Psychology and Psychiatry
Analysis of Evidence for the Combination of Pro-dopamine Regulator (KB220PAM) and Naltrexone to Prevent Opioid Use Disorder Relapse.
PMID: 30417173 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6226033
EC Anaesthesia
Arrest Under Anesthesia - What was the Culprit? A Case Report.
PMID: 30264037 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6155992
EC Orthopaedics
Distraction Implantation. A New Technique in Total Joint Arthroplasty and Direct Skeletal Attachment.
PMID: 30198026 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6124505
EC Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine
Prevalence and factors associated with self-reported chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adults aged 40-79: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2012.
PMID: 30294723 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6169793
EC Dental Science
Important Dental Fiber-Reinforced Composite Molding Compound Breakthroughs
PMID: 29285526 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5743211
EC Microbiology
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites Among HIV Infected and HIV Uninfected Patients Treated at the 1o De Maio Health Centre in Maputo, Mozambique
PMID: 29911204 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5999047
EC Microbiology
Macrophages and the Viral Dissemination Super Highway
PMID: 26949751 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC4774560
EC Microbiology
The Microbiome, Antibiotics, and Health of the Pediatric Population.
PMID: 27390782 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC4933318
EC Microbiology
Reactive Oxygen Species in HIV Infection
PMID: 28580453 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5450819
EC Microbiology
A Review of the CD4 T Cell Contribution to Lung Infection, Inflammation and Repair with a Focus on Wheeze and Asthma in the Pediatric Population
PMID: 26280024 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC4533840
EC Neurology
Identifying Key Symptoms Differentiating Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome from Multiple Sclerosis
PMID: 28066845 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5214344
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Paradigm Shift is the Normal State of Pharmacology
PMID: 28936490 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5604476
EC Neurology
Examining those Meeting IOM Criteria Versus IOM Plus Fibromyalgia
PMID: 28713879 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5510658
EC Neurology
Unilateral Frontosphenoid Craniosynostosis: Case Report and a Review of the Literature
PMID: 28133641 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5267489
EC Ophthalmology
OCT-Angiography for Non-Invasive Monitoring of Neuronal and Vascular Structure in Mouse Retina: Implication for Characterization of Retinal Neurovascular Coupling
PMID: 29333536 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5766278
EC Neurology
Longer Duration of Downslope Treadmill Walking Induces Depression of H-Reflexes Measured during Standing and Walking.
PMID: 31032493 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6483108
EC Microbiology
Onchocerciasis in Mozambique: An Unknown Condition for Health Professionals.
PMID: 30957099 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6448571
EC Nutrition
Food Insecurity among Households with and without Podoconiosis in East and West Gojjam, Ethiopia.
PMID: 30101228 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6086333
EC Ophthalmology
REVIEW. +2 to +3 D. Reading Glasses to Prevent Myopia.
PMID: 31080964 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6508883
EC Gynaecology
Biomechanical Mapping of the Female Pelvic Floor: Uterine Prolapse Versus Normal Conditions.
PMID: 31093608 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6513001
EC Dental Science
Fiber-Reinforced Composites: A Breakthrough in Practical Clinical Applications with Advanced Wear Resistance for Dental Materials.
PMID: 31552397 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6758937
EC Microbiology
Neurocysticercosis in Child Bearing Women: An Overlooked Condition in Mozambique and a Potentially Missed Diagnosis in Women Presenting with Eclampsia.
PMID: 31681909 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6824723
EC Microbiology
Molecular Detection of Leptospira spp. in Rodents Trapped in the Mozambique Island City, Nampula Province, Mozambique.
PMID: 31681910 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6824726
EC Neurology
Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondrial Cross-Talk in Neurodegenerative and Eye Diseases.
PMID: 31528859 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6746603
EC Psychology and Psychiatry
Can Chronic Consumption of Caffeine by Increasing D2/D3 Receptors Offer Benefit to Carriers of the DRD2 A1 Allele in Cocaine Abuse?
PMID: 31276119 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6604646
EC Anaesthesia
Real Time Locating Systems and sustainability of Perioperative Efficiency of Anesthesiologists.
PMID: 31406965 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6690616
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
A Pilot STEM Curriculum Designed to Teach High School Students Concepts in Biochemical Engineering and Pharmacology.
PMID: 31517314 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6741290
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Toxic Mechanisms Underlying Motor Activity Changes Induced by a Mixture of Lead, Arsenic and Manganese.
PMID: 31633124 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6800226
EC Neurology
Research Volunteers' Attitudes Toward Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis.
PMID: 29662969 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC5898812
EC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease.
PMID: 30215058 [PubMed]
PMCID: PMC6133268
News and Events
February Issue Release
We always feel pleasure to share our updates with you all. Here, notifying you that we have successfully released the February issue of respective journals and the latest articles can be viewed on the current issue pages.
Submission Deadline for Upcoming Issue
ECronicon delightfully welcomes all the authors around the globe for effective collaboration with an article submission for the upcoming issue of respective journals. Submissions are accepted on/before February 17, 2023.
Certificate of Publication
ECronicon honors with a "Publication Certificate" to the corresponding author by including the names of co-authors as a token of appreciation for publishing the work with our respective journals.
Best Article of the Issue
Editors of respective journals will always be very much interested in electing one Best Article after each issue release. The authors of the selected article will be honored with a "Best Article of the Issue" certificate.
Certifying for Review
ECronicon certifies the Editors for their first review done towards the assigned article of the respective journals.
Latest Articles
The latest articles will be updated immediately on the articles in press page of the respective journals.