Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated systemic disease, its prevalence is approximately 1% in the world [1]. Its prevalence is higher in children with concomitant autoimmune disorders including juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), autoimmune hepatitis, autoimmune thyroiditis, type 1 diabetes mellitus and others [2].

It has been reported that the biopsy-proven prevalence of CD in autoimmune hepatitis is 4.1% in a systematic review [3]. In a study conducted in 2018, the prevalence of CD in children with autoimmune thyroiditis is found to be 3.0% [4]. The prevalence of CD in patients with JIA has been reported to be 2.5% [2]. Its prevalence is estimated to be higher due to several study limitations. It has been reported that since most JIA patients diagnosed with CD are asymptomatic, screening tests are recommended. But there is no evidence on how often screening tests will be performed in children with concomitant rheumatic diseases [2,5-7]. In a study conducted in 2020, the biopsyproven prevalence of CD was detected as 4.4% in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus [8].

References

1. Sahin Y. “Celiac disease in children: A review of the literature”. World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 10 (2021): 53-71.
2. Poddighe D., et al. “Celiac Disease in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Other Pediatric Rheumatic Disorders”. Journal of Clinical Medicine 11 (2022): 1089.
3. Haggard L., et al. “High prevalence of celiac disease in autoimmune hepatitis: Systematic review and meta-analysis”. Liver International 41 (2021): 2693-2702.
4. Sahin Y., et al. “The frequency of celiac disease in children with autoimmune thyroiditis”. Acta Gastro-Enterologica Belgica 81 (2018): 5-8.
5. Sahin Y., et al. “Serological screening for coeliac disease in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis”. Arab Journal of Gastroenterology 20 (2019): 95-98.
6. Sahin Y., et al. “The frequency of the celiac disease among children with familial Mediterranean fever”. Modern Rheumatology 27 (2017): 1036-1039.
7. Şahin Y., et al. “Serological screening for celiac disease in children with systemic lupus erythematosus”. European Journal of Rheumatology 6 (2019): 142-145.
8. Sahin Y., et al. “Prevalence of Celiac Disease in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in the South of Turkey”. Iranian Journal of Pediatrics 30 (2020): e97306.
9. Cosnes J., et al. “Groupe D'Etude et de Recherche Sur la Maladie Coeliaque. Incidence of autoimmune diseases in celiac disease: protective effect of the gluten-free diet”. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 6 (2008): 753-758.
10. Lundin KE and Wijmenga C. “Coeliac disease and autoimmune disease-genetic overlap and screening”. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology 12 (2015): 507-515.
11. Husby S., et al. “European Society Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Guidelines for Diagnosing Coeliac Disease 2020”. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 70 (2020): 141-156.